Elsie Degala

Properties

• Build network and good rapport with Landlord and Real Estate Companies on finding potential location for the organisation
• Discuss and negotiated Tenancy Agreement and renewal of agreements
• Maintaining a good record and tracker on Tenancy Agreements validity

People Engagement

• Working with a diverse group of people of different cultures and nationality.
• Solicit constant feedback on the site and working conditions from the employees by implementing regular walkthrough, focus group discussions, surveys, and attending site leadership forums, and provide timely
• Resolution to concerns.
• Formulate programs that will increase employee’s work efficiency and job satisfaction.
• Anticipate internal and external scenarios that can affect the company in terms of deadlines and impact to
• Business. Ready for Plan A, B and C when necessary.
• Anticipate changes on growth and expansion that are related to the company that can affect the Facilities
• Management in terms of service efficiency and delivery.
• Able to build strong relationships with all external parties he/she will be working with, such as the property management and lessors of his/her site’s location, the local government units, other industry leaders etc.

Engineering Maintenance

• Formulate and implement preventive maintenance programs for the site relative to Architectural, AC,
• Plumbing, Electrical and Electronics, and other engineering disciplines.
• Be able to anticipate equipment failure through its life span, performance and historical
• Records.
• Be able to set up, recommend upgrade or replacement of an equipment prior to
• Failure.
• Knowledgeable on the industry’s best practices and latest technology, and use such knowledge in formulating
• The maintenance program for the site.
• Keeps track of equipment health as well as schedule of Preventive Maintenance.
• Has a pool of vendors for specialty work.
• Utility management (Water & Electricity). Able to identify efficiencies to manage consumption without compromising employee quality of life.
• Construct comprehensive engineering reports.

Construction Management

• Vet vendors and keep relationships with them to ensure quality service and delivery is given to the company at all times.
• Review, audit and recommend working drawings.
• Provide technical specifications and review computations as necessary.
• Formulate and maintain Building, Electrical, Sanitary, Fire Code, and other engineering and government regulations.
• Construct comprehensive technical reports.

Housekeeping and Office Upkeep

• Implement the site’s housekeeping program.
• Accountable in the overall cleanliness and orderliness of the reception, operations area, offices and
• Conference rooms, and restrooms.
• Formulate and maintain standards and expectations of cleanliness to the vendor. Maintains a good working relationship with them to ensure quality service and delivery is given to the company at all times.
• Conducts a quarterly performance evaluation, and discusses wins and opportunities with the vendor to
• Further improve quality of service.
• Ensures that pantry and toiletry supplies are of ample quantity by setting reorder levels.
• Leads RFP/bidding of vendors when necessary.

Safety and Security

• Manage the physical security operations of the site.
• Implement the safety program of the company in coordination with the Safety and Security Team.
• Acts immediately to correct any unsafe act or hazards that pose risk to TaskUs employees
• Present safety and security procedures of TaskUs in relation to our safety and security standards and must pass through our Safety and Security Director.
• Strategically position guards to ensure efficient enforcement of security.
• Strategically positioning of CCTV. Well versed in CCTV protocols.
• Develop and formulate standards and expectations to the security force. Maintains a good working relationship with them to ensure quality service and delivery is given to the company at all times.
• Conducts a quarterly performance evaluation, and discusses wins and opportunities with the vendor to
• Leads RFP/bidding of vendors when necessary.

Financial Management

• Financial analysis and strategy to formulae programs that will contribute to the site’s operational efficiency.
• Monthly and quarterly financial reporting issuance related to Facilities management.
• Prepares annual OpEX and CapEx. Manage, monitor, control and maintain the site Opex and Capex spending.
• Review data and make relevant management decisions.

SEA Function

• Part of the team to streamline the process and compile this into the SEA PowerUs programme.
• Contributed to the team who formulates and implements the Environment and Sustainability Policies for
• SEA
• Lead the SEA Asset Management process and formulation of policy
• Lead the process assurance and improvement of SEA Facilities
• Formulate the SEA Facilities Curriculum which includes on-boarding modules, OJT modules, personal development

Achievements

1. Set-up and launched our temp site in Bangsar South with 200 seats on 29thApril 2022.

2. Set-up and launched our permanent site in Imazium, Damansara Utama with 373 seats on 29 th

July

2022. 3. Formulated and implemented facilities policies in Malaysia include Physical Security Policy,

Facilities policies, house rules etc.

3. Formulated and published the Global Facilities Incident Protocol Escalation policy

4. Formulated and published the Global Facilities Budget Controls policy

5. Formulated and started the Professionalize us! For Facilities model for SEA.

• Benchmarked Facilities Management services with real time data and comparing the cost across sites
• Reviewed and negotiated of confidential agreements
• Planned and scheduled of projects activities to ensure completion of the project within the time and budgetary parameters and for optimizing resources utilization
• Handled complete Facilities (Safety, Security, Repair, Fire Fighting System, Pest Control, Water Supply) infrastructure set up and maintenance and coordinating with architects for interior of the same
• Handled complete administration of the organization, office and asset management, look after discipline matters, issue of ID cards
• Liaised with Government Departments and Agencies for ensuring seamless business operations
• Responsible for maintenance of office equipment
• Responsible for preparation of the administration budget across sites
• In-charged of all office purchases and ensure procurement at most competitive rates
• Responsible for effective management of Travel, Guest houses and vehicle utilization and their maintenance
• Ensured effective control and regular monitoring of all the management on a regular basis
• Prepared documents for all admin related procedures and ensure the same is strictly followed
• Ensured that the statutory requirements related to the admin functions are complied with
• Responsible for inventory/material management and supply chain activities
• Developed and managing a predominantly Domestic Vendor base
• Vendor management including evaluation, maintaining of approved vendor list, vendor audits
• Approved purchase requisitions, preparation of PO and contract Agreements
• Negotiated purchases and contracts
• Project Management and maintenance to facilities and ensured optimal utilization of resources
• Ensured nil statutory violation
• Identified and implemented opportunities for Cost Optimizations in the works

Achievements

• Negotiated and managed to bring the rental cost down from RM4.70 per sq ft to RM3.80 per sq ft
• A total cost savings for the company of RM836,810 per annum with 1 month each year rent free
• Cost savings on transportation charges/shuttle services for both Ara and JB sites to the tune of RM586,800 a year for 2020 – 2021 contract
• Cost savings drive on the Repair and Maintenance of Data Centre in Ara to the tune of RM264,000 a year by re-negotiating the contracts in the year 2020
• Negotiated and managed to bring the rental cost down from RM4.10 to RM2.80 per sq ft for the office rental in JB for the year 2021 – 2024
• Managed to densify an existing active call floor to add 41 more seats taking into account the safety hazards and compliance to Fire Safety
• The call floor now has 177 seats compared to 136 seats
• Saving
• RM160,000 on new build up
• Managed to re-arrange and add capacity of 5 active training rooms
• Managed to move the active call floor from 2nd floor to 3rd floor of our JB site
• Planned, managed and carried out the expansion of 2 active call floors in JB Site which also included the expansion of the program hub room
• Planned, managed and carried out the replacement of old UPS to a new 200kVa each of the 3 units of new, into existing Power Room A and B without any power disruption to the office
• Implemented, monitored and maintained the Covid-19 SOPs for Malaysia sites
• One of the best tenants with no compound through strict protocol and monitoring
• Negotiated and achieved the early release of one of the rented floors in Ara Damansara without reinstatement which would have cost about RM400,000
• Negotiated and achieved the rental rate of the new term for Ara Damansara office to be maintained at RM3.80psf instead of RM4 psf as stated in the current Tenancy Agreement
• Negotiated and achieved a free 1-month rental discount for Ara Office in the year of 2022
• Negotiated and achieved a rate of RM2.80psf for JB Office Level 3 instead of RM4.10psf for another term commencing 1st
• Jan 2022
• Managed to do renovation of Level 3 (active floor) to improve the space to move people to Level 4 in a record time as the deadline to finish was before 31st
• Dec 2021
• The approvals and renovation were obtained in thed week of December 2021.

• Building & Office Administration, Administered and guided executives in the Building Management Section and Office Admin & General Services
• Section of the Administration Department in providing excellent administrative support services to the group
• This includes proper preventive and scheduled maintenance on CCTV, Door Access, PABX, Passenger’s Lifts
• Cooling Towers, AHU, PAHU, BAS, Fire Alarm System, Fire Extinguishers, Gondola, LV room, Generator set etc
• Ensured of AlloyMtd building’s cleanliness both internally and externally including but not limited to landscaping of the highest standard and ensure that complaints are dealt with immediately and proactively to minimise downtime
• Planned and monitored budget as well as work carried out on the renovation within AlloyMTD building which includes planning on workspace utilisation
• This includes working together with the Sr Executives, Third Party Vendors and other stakeholders of different levels of Infrastructure and M&E to plan the renovation and workspace installation or dismantling
• Ensured that lift, air-cond system, electrical system, pump system etc are maintained by certified and competent vendors to ensure high level service and efficiency to minimise downtime and assured of users’ safety
• Renewed and coordinated billing system to ensure up-to-date billing and statistical information for management review
• Evaluated and recommended cost saving projects with input from section heads to ensure savings and improve the working environment
• Ensured that all Office Admin & General Services e.g
• Internal & external mailing, record management, general insurance, front desk, stationeries etc
• Are centralized, functioning and properly carried out according to the Admin policies
• Managed function hall, meeting rooms including its furniture and fittings and equipment
• In-charged of planning the venue for Corporate Events in the HQ Building including Conferences, Global Office
• Summit, Group Level Berbuka Puasa event, Group Level Hari Raya events and Concession Companies training and Events
• Ensured that PABX is in working condition
• Chaired the Housekeeping Committee Meeting with floor representatives to brainstorm on new ideas and solutions on how to improve daily working conditions
• Determined staff requirement on training and development through weekly coaching
• Analysed data from Senior Executives' Monthly report on productivity, job efficiency, resources management, improvement and staff coaching
• Prepared management proposals for top Management's review and approval on improvement pertaining to processes and building management
• Facilities Management which includes central inventory management, stationeries, pantry supplies, group fleet card, general insurance, office compound car park management and 3rd party car park management
• Non-Fixed Assets Management

Achievements

• Formulated and standardized the Building Management monthly reporting for better monitoring
• Formulated and standardized annual budget and expenses monitoring for my portfolio to ensure expenses are well in order and within the budget
• Formulated and standardized project scheduling for all renovation and works carried out in the building
• Formulated and standardized the Group’s Filing System by developing and implementing a new SOP
• Formulated and developed the e-Admin Portal to ensure that there are less paper to be used on all requests addressed to Admin including repair, maintenance, telecommunication and meeting room/F&B requests
• The e-Admin Portal is formulated for easy handling of requests and better monitoring of Staff’s KPI by looking at their SLA per request
• Cleaned up, compiled and improved the handling of company’s Maxis Corporate Accounts with close to 500 lines to ensure that none is abused, redundant and wasted
• Cleaned up, compiled and improved the billing process within the group to ensure that all bills and invoices are up-to-date and accounted for
• Negotiated with telcos and other vendors for monthly rebates on bills and invoices
• Saved average of 22% on corporate mobile usage and an average 12% on maintenance repairs and services
• Launched Green Campaign by rolling out E-Admin Portal & no plastic and Styrofoam usage in the cafeteria
• Re-mapped the building essential and non-essential electrical maps to ensure that the facilities and machineries are safeguarded during power outage
• Improved the building earthing and lightning protection system by appointing a consultant to assess the current aged structure to safeguard electronics from CCTV and door/gate access hardware
• Set up budget for the replacement of new building arrestor and other accessories.

• Managed and supervised a team of Admin and Facilities Specialists
• Prepared budget for operating and capital expenditures of the site for the fiscal year
• Maintained accuracy of budget by preparing latest estimate for the next month
• Ensured that actual cost for the month will not go over the prepared budget
• Formulated initiatives to improve retention, satisfaction and engagement
• Ensured that the resources of the company are efficiently utilized
• Played a major role in implementing a cost improvement plan for the company covering utilities, janitorial, office supplies, printing etc
• Teamed up and meet with Service Delivery/department head to improve client experience
• Provided proper guidance and coaching to the members of the team particularly to newly hired
• Ensured that staff gets proper training and seminars either in house or external
• Execution of regulatory and policies in the workplace
• Ensured that the facility is operating 24/7 by keeping a schedule of preventive maintenance for electrical and mechanical equipment such as generator sets, UPS and air conditioning systems
• Coordinated with building administration on all issues regarding building facilities including but not limited to cleanliness, shutdowns, power, water, elevators, parking and centralised air conditioning
• Enquired with landlords on all company-leased properties
• Responsible for all concerns of leased properties in coordination with Finance for office lease, apartment rent payment, utility payments and repairs
• This includes staff house upkeep and maintenance as well as timely visits to the site
• Evaluated and coordinates with General Services – outsourced staff
• Ensured that pre-requisites are being done before all purchases are made
• Monitored all trackers involved that are being maintained by the team
• Ensured that there is a regular touch based meeting with site vendors
• Guaranteed that all payments to vendors are within the payment term and the purchases go to the PO process
• Emergency Responder – provided immediate solutions to acute emergencies
• Prepare and respond with urgency to employee needs in various situation (eg Act of God, client escalations, BCP)
• Planned, coordinated and implemented timely completion of all facility projects including but not limited to relocation assignment of seats, installation of new office equipment and all other requirements of the programs
• Formulate and standardize the Building Management monthly reporting for better monitoring
• Formulate and standardize annual budget and expenses monitoring for my portfolio to ensure expenses are well in order and within the budget figure
• Formulate and standardize project scheduling for all renovation and works carried out in the building
• Formulate and develop the e-Admin Portal to ensure that there is less paper to be used on all requests addressed to Admin including repair, maintenance, telecommunication and meeting requests
• The e-Admin Portal is formulated for easy handling of request and better monitoring of Staff’s KPI by looking at their SLA per request
• Cleaned up, compiled and improved the handling of the company’s Maxis Corporate Accounts with close to 500 lines to ensure that none is abused and wasted
• Cleaned up, compiled and improved the billing process within the group to ensure that all bills and invoices are up-to-date and accounted for

Achievements

• Built the Admin team to support all business units in the company since Sutherland Global was new in Malaysia at the time
• From 2 people, the Admin team was 5 not including security and cleaning personnel
• Negotiated on behalf of the Company with vendors to ensure that Service Agreements are available and to safeguard Company’s interest
• Formulated and standardized project scheduling for all renovation and works carried out in the building
• Standardized the Company’s Handphone Corporate Account with telcos for better savings and negotiated with internal
• Human Resources team to formulate monthly entitlement for staff
• Cleaned up, compiled and improved the billing process within the Company to ensure that all bills and invoices are up-to-date and accounted for and paid within the agreed credit terms
• Launched Go Green campaign across the Malaysian Office
• Saved 45% on paper and printing charges for the month after implementation.

• Identified, directed and supervised the activities of employees, contract staff, contractors or suppliers engaged to attend to items such as building security, upgrade or maintenance works, and cleaning and general administration services on the company’s facilities as needed
• Responsibilities will occasionally require after-hours and weekend supervision of work
• Developed maintenance schedules and ensure that all work is performed in accordance with established policies and procedures
• This can include occasional spot-checks or managing of urgent requirements during non-working hours/days
• Liaison with local police, fire, utilities and other government agencies as required to maintain smooth operation and for necessary permits and ensuring that they are familiar with the office facility in the event of an emergency requiring their assistance
• Oversaw the operation of all building systems including security, lifts, fire alarms, card access, CCTV and
• PBX systems
• Ensure proper tests of systems are carried out as required by local regulations and policies
• Manage systems such as PBX to provide reporting and reduce costs where possible
• Developed and administered on-going security and safety awareness training programs for the employees
• Undertaken procurement of items required for the smooth running of the company’s facilities, pantries, restrooms and centralized office administration services
• Coordinated allocation of building parking and collection of monthly payments from staff
• Supervised administrative support personnel including receptionist and security guards
• Investigated criminal acts committed on or safety incidents occurring on the office premises
• Prepare initial reports of these incidents and coordinate with senior management for further advice and assistance
• Responsible for preparing, improving and implementing administration policies in consultation with management
• Ensured that the company's assets are properly controlled/tagged and insured
• Participated in disaster recover planning and implementation of plans as required
• Identified and implemented ideas for reducing and/or controlling costs for general & administration activities including facilities related costs
• All other office facilities, security and administration duties and responsibilities that may be required and directed by immediate superior
• Personal Assistant to Head of Business Development Asia South]

• Provided secretarial and administrative support
• Executed and assumed responsibility for a full range of routine and assigned administrative duties in the unit
• Maintained good working order to all business correspondences, record and administrative facilities which include mail, fax distribution, filing and updating of department records
• Composed and typed routine business correspondences, memo, presentation material, faxes, minutes of department meetings to all levels of personnel internal and external
• Arranged and scheduled appointments, meetings, travel, hotel accommodations as well as updating calendars and diaries
• Undertaken a full range of daily/weekly/monthly reminders and follow-up services for routine and non-routine matters in progress
• Assisted in preparation of powerpoint presentation, tenders and reports
• Responsible for the department asset management and stationeries’ requisition
• Performed any other adhoc tasks as and when required
• Staff responsibility towards the Management Center affairs like claims, leaves, birthday cards, gifts etc
• Organising workshops, team buildings, events and activities of Business Development Team which includes the preparation materials
• Responsible for maintaining confidentiality of work related
• Ability to handle stress and to cope with conflict
• Assisted the CT Head in his workload where possible and as and when needed and be able to follow up on outstanding matters with the various parties involved
• To ensure updated schedules and appointments of the immediate superiors and updated of filing of documents
• Maintained a good communication with the customers especially the C-Level office personnel and Personal
• Assistants
• Raised Purchase Order into the myOrders system as well as doing Goods Receive when order is completed
• Maintained the Customers Database in the SAP
• Supported the key Account Managers (Sales)
• Supported the SSM (Sales)

• Implemented the HR Department Procedure and Policy
• Prepared Staff Handbook for Management and Non-Management Staff including Company Policy and Code of Ethics
• Co-ordinated with the Company's Call Centre Agent Team Leader to make sure that the system is working
• properly before the soft launch in March 2011
• Co-ordinated with Trix CRM, Accordia and IT personnel in making sure that the system is working properly before
• service soft launch in March 2011
• Liaised with Insurance Company on Staff coverage.
• Liaised with Participating Law firms
• Liaised with Law firm for the Company's interest especially in preparing agreement for Board of Governors
• and amendment of Memorandum of Articles
• Sourced Office Stationeries and printing materials
• Oversaw staff attendance and prepare weekly reports.
• Prepared monthly payroll including statutory payments

• Managed the MD’s professional and personal schedule and made arrangements for appointments, conferences, travel and hotel reservations etc
• Assisted the International Market Department
• Handled the day-to-day administrative and operational matters including monitoring of deadlines and follow-ups with respective teams on progress of projects
• Assisted in the preparation of presentation & organizing internal & external events
• Worked closely with all departments to achieve greater operational efficiency and to facilitate effective communication to and from MD’s desk
• Took and transcribed minutes of meeting, compose and prepare confidential correspondences, reports and other complex documents
• Organized and attended meetings, and ensured the MD is well-prepared for meetings
• Liaised with clients, suppliers (when necessary) and other staff
• Welcomed and looked after visitors
• Stood in for the MD making decisions with regards to administrative matters in the office and delegated simple task to others in his absence
• Organized and managed confidential documents, records & maintained and organised filing for smooth data retrieving
• Screening telephone calls, enquiries and requests, and handling them when appropriate
• Assisted in preparation of reports and presentations
• Maintained a high level of confidentiality
• Undertaken other special assignments, ad-hoc functions and related duties specified by the MD
• Maintained company’s networking, LAN and wireless and Firewall
• Administrator for Company’s network server and maintain IT infrastructure
• Attended and completed the ISO Internal Audit Course and obtained a Certificate of Attendance

• Carried out Secretarial duties such as arrangement of traveling, hotel reservation, preparing travel budget, preparing travel and holidays itineraries etc
• Recruitment and manpower planning
• Maintained staff records
• Prepared Company’s working calendar
• Established procedure for the department in supporting the company’s activity in implementing ISO 9000:2001 and maintaining procedure and department’s records
• Prepared training matrix and training calendar, budgets and reports for all staff
• Monitored staff attendances, behaviour etc including organizing internal inquiries, issuing warning letters and termination letters
• Managed facilities including making sure it is properly maintained and in good condition at all times as well as
• IT infrastructure
• Sourced and received company’s and staff insurance
• Prepared insurance claim
• Planned, arranged and foreseen transfer jobs when the Company moved to a new premise including sourcing for suppliers to do renovation jobs, planning the office floor plan, sourcing for suitable furniture and fitting and the company’s electrical and electronic equipment
• Prepared and arranged for the Company's participation in the PUAS Water Exhibition and Smidec 2005 Exhibition
• Handled inward and outward freight of raw materials, machineries and equipment including custom clearance, documentations etc
• Prepared and gained Pioneer Status from MIDA as well as Customs Department
• Application and getting Company’s business license from MBSA
• Prepared application, arrangement and discussion with respective personnel with regards to Smidec grants
• Prepared application to get Company’s products certified by SIRIM and IKRAM
• A member of the Internal Quality Audit team
• Organised Company’s events i.e Dinners, gathering, Hari Raya Open House, Family Day etc
• Managed the MD’s professional and personal schedule and made arrangements for appointments, conferences, travel and hotel reservations etc
• Assisted the International Market Department
• Handled the day-to-day administrative and operational matters including monitoring of deadlines and follow-ups with respective teams on progress of projects
• Assisted in the preparation of presentation & organizing internal & external events
• Worked closely with all departments to achieve greater operational efficiency and to facilitate effective communication to and from MD’s desk
• Took and transcribed minutes of meeting, compose and prepare confidential correspondences, reports and other complex documents
• Organized and attended meetings, and ensured the MD is well-prepared for meetings
• Liaised with clients, suppliers (when necessary) and other staff
• Welcomed and looked after visitors
• Stood in for the MD making decisions with regards to administrative matters in the office and delegated simple task to others in his absence
• Organized and managed confidential documents, records & maintained and organised filing for smooth data retrieving
• Screened telephone calls, enquiries and requests, and handled them when appropriate
• Assisted in preparation of reports and presentations
• Maintained a high level of confidentiality
• Undertaken other special assignments, ad-hoc functions and related duties specified by the MD
• Maintained company’s networking, LAN and wireless and Firewall
• Administrator for Company’s network server and maintain IT infrastructure.

• Reported directly to MD and, Organised appointment schedules for both GM and MD Carried out Secretarial duties such as arrangement of traveling, hotel reservation, preparing travel budget, preparing travel itineraries etc
• Maintained staff records
• Prepared and arranged for the Company's participation in the PUAS Water Exhibition
• Purchased of raw materials, consumables items, machineries and equipment for initial production
• Handled inward and outward freight of raw materials, machineries and equipment including custom clearance, documentations etc
• Prepared and getting Pioneer Status from MIDA as well as Customs Department

• Organized appointment schedules for both GM and MD o Carried out Secretarial duties such as arrangement of traveling, hotel reservation, preparing travel budget, preparing travel itineraries etc
• Arranged weekly meeting
• Preparing agenda and minutes for distribution during each meeting and compiling reports from respective person in-charge for the purpose of discussion papers
• Prepared documents in Excel, Word or PowerPoint format for presentation to government bodies’
• Handled incoming and issued outgoing correspondences via e-mail, facsimile transmission or mailing for both GM and MD
• Liaising with government bodies, overseas business associates and suppliers
• Administration work for the whole department including monitored staffs’ attendances, resourcing and purchasing of stationery and office furniture
• Did simple troubleshooting with regards to computers mostly for GM and MD.

• Arranged traveling, hotel reservation, preparing travel itineraries
• Compiled reports from every department for the purposes of discussion paper during the monthly management meeting and Board Meeting
• Prepared reports in PowerPoint format for presentation by GM at the management meeting and Board Meeting
• Arranged weekly production and management meetings
• Attended production meetings to take notes on behalf of SGM
• Monitored staffs’ attendances
• Liaised with customers such PROTON, PERODUA, TOYOTA etc and other suppliers.

• Did simple secretarial duties
• O Prepared documents such as Summonses, Affidavits, Notices of Application, Appeals etc to be filed to
• Court
• O Tracked and organized hearing and trial dates for lawyers
• O Monitored clients' accounts
• Issued payment to respective payee
• O Attended to queries from clients and others either via phone or walk-in
• O Prepared auction documents
• O Attended auctions at government offices or court be it in town or outstation
• O Assisted lawyers in doing duties with regards to accounts including tracking incoming and outgoing cash flow, preparing the monthly balance sheet both business and clients accounts
• O Assisted lawyers in preparing the standard Sale & Purchase Agreement and Loan Agreement and any documents related thereto
• Liaised with government bodies with regards to ownership transfer etc.